Worksheet on Adventure Game

Objective:

By the end of this task, students will:

• Understand the basics of Classes, Objects, and key OOP principles in Python.
• Create and interact with their own classes and objects.
• Complete the given code snippet wherever mentioned “TO DO” and necessary.
• Submit their work via a GitHub repository and share the link in the WhatsApp group.

Introduction to OOP Principles

Brief introduction of some important Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) principles: Encapsulation:

• Explanation: Encapsulation is the bundling of data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on the data into a single unit, called a class. It also involves restricting access to certain components, meaning that the internal representation of an object is hidden from the outside. Example in Practice: In your Character class, the health attribute is an example of encapsulation. You manage it through the take_damage method, ensuring that the health is only modified through this controlled interface.

• Inheritance: Explanation: Inheritance allows a class to inherit attributes and methods from another class. This promotes code reuse and establishes a relationship between classes. Example in Practice: You could create a Hero class that inherits from the Character class, adding special abilities unique to heroes.

• Polymorphism: Explanation: Polymorphism allows methods to do different things based on the object it is acting upon, even if they share the same name. It lets you define methods in a base class and override them in derived classes. Example in Practice: If you have a Villain class that also inherits from Character, you might override the describe method to add a menacing description unique to villains.

• Abstraction: Explanation: Abstraction means hiding complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features of an object. It allows you to manage complexity by working with higher-level concepts and ignoring lower-level details. Example in Practice: In the adventure game, you interact with scenes and characters without needing to know the details of how these are implemented internally.

Task Overview: "Build Your Own Adventure Game"

Part 1: Create the Characters

1. Task: Design a Python class called Character.

   • Attributes:

     • name (string): The name of the character.
     • health (integer): The health points of the character, starting at 100.
     • inventory (list): An empty list to hold items the character collects.

   • Methods:

     • describe(): Print a description of the character, including their name, health, and inventory.
     • take_damage(amount): Reduce the character's health by the given amount.
     • pick_item(item): Add an item to the character's inventory.

     Complete the following code snippet:

     

Part 2: Create the Adventure

1. Task: Design a Python class called Adventure.

   • Attributes:

     • characters (list): A list of Character objects involved in the adventure.
     • scenes (dictionary): A dictionary where keys are scene names and values are descriptions of those scenes.

   • Methods:

     • add_scene(name, description): Add a scene to the adventure.
     • play_scene(name): Print the description of the scene and let the character take an action (e.g., find an item, take damage).

     Complete the following code snippet:

     

Part 3: Inheritance and Polymorphism

1. Task: Extend the Character class by creating subclasses Hero and Villain.

   • Hero Class: Inherits from Character.
     • Add an ability called heal(amount) that increases health.
   • Villain Class: Inherits from Character.
     • Override the describe() method to add an evil twist to the description.

   

Part 4: Combine It All

1. Task: Bring everything together by creating a short text-based adventure game.

   1. Create a Hero Object: Use the Hero class to create a character named "Archer".

   2. Create a Villain Object: Use the Villain class to create a character named "Goblin".

   3. Create an Adventure Object: Use the Adventure class to initialize an adventure.

   4. Add Scenes to the Adventure:

      Use the add_scene(name, description) method to create and add scenes to your adventure.

      Each scene is represented as a key-value pair, where the key is the scene name and the value is the scene description.

      Scene 1: (scene name : “Forest”; Scene description: "You are in a dark forest. There's a shiny object on the ground.". )

      Scene 2: (scene name : “Cave”; Scene description: "The cave is dark and you can hear growling.". )

   5. Play the "Forest" Scene: Have your Hero and Villain objects interact with the scenes in the adventure.

      Use the play_scene("Forest") method to start the "Forest" scene.

      Have the hero object interact with this scene.

      

   6. Hero Picks Up an Item:

      Use the pick_item(item) method of the Hero class to add a "Shiny Sword" to the hero's inventory.

   7. Describe the Hero:

      Use the describe() method to display the hero's current state, including their name, health, and inventory.

   8. Play the "Cave" Scene:

      Use the play_scene("Cave") method to start the "Cave" scene.

   9. Hero Takes Damage:

      Use the take_damage(amount) method of the Hero class to reduce the hero's health by 20 points.

   10. Describe the Hero Again

Submission Instructions:

1. Complete the Task:
   • Implement the code in Python.
   • Add comments to explain your code and the OOP principles you applied.
   • Make sure the code runs without errors.
2. Push your code to the repository.
3. Submit Your Work:
   • Share the link to your GitHub repository in the google classroom for module tutor to review your code.