7

The code adds the values of x (5) and y (2), resulting in 7, which is then printed.

PythonPythonPython

The * operator with a string and an integer repeats the string that many times. Here, "Python" is repeated 3 times.

3

The // operator performs integer division (floor division). 10 divided by 3 is 3 with a remainder, but floor division rounds down to the nearest integer, which is 3.

8

The += operator adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. So, x += 3 is equivalent to x = x + 3, which results in 8.

False True False

In Python, 0 and empty strings are considered falsy values, while any non-zero number is truthy. Therefore, bool(0) is False, bool(1) is True, and bool("") is False.

[1, 2, 3, 4]

Lists are mutable and assigned by reference. When y = x is executed, both x and y refer to the same list. So, when 4 is appended to y, it's also reflected in x.

eo

String indexing starts at 0. x[1] is 'e' (the second character of "Hello"), and y[1] is 'o' (the second character of "World"). The + operator concatenates these characters.

1

The % operator calculates the remainder of division. 5 divided by 2 is 2 with a remainder of 1, so 5 % 2 equals 1.

5

len(x) returns 3 (the length of the list), and x[1] is 2 (the second element of the list). The code adds these values: 3 + 2 = 5.

nohtyP

The slice notation [::-1] reverses the string. It starts from the end (no start index), goes to the beginning (no stop index), and moves with a step of -1 (backwards).

2

First, x % y is calculated: 10 % 3 = 1 (the remainder of 10 divided by 3). Then, this result is multiplied by 2: 1 * 2 = 2.

[1, 2, 3]

Unlike the previous list example, y = x.copy() creates a new list with the same elements as x. Modifying y doesn't affect x, so x remains unchanged.

HeLlo

The replace() method replaces occurrences of a substring with another substring. The third argument (1) limits it to replacing only the first occurrence of "l" with "L".

[2, 4]

The slice [1:4:2] starts at index 1, goes up to (but not including) index 4, and uses a step of 2. This results in selecting elements at indices 1 and 3.

Pg

x[0] is 'P' (the first character of "Python"), and y[-1] is 'g' (the last character of "Programming"). These are concatenated to form "Pg".

25

The ** operator performs exponentiation. This code calculates 5 raised to the power of 2, which is 25.

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

When used with lists, the + operator concatenates them, creating a new list containing all elements from both lists in the order they appear.

2

The find() method returns the index of the first occurrence of the substring. In "Hello", the first 'l' is at index 2 (remember, indexing starts at 0).

2

The count() method returns the number of occurrences of an element in the list. The number 2 appears twice in the list, so the output is 2.

PYTHON

First, lower() converts the string to lowercase ("python"), then upper() converts it to uppercase ("PYTHON"). The final result is "PYTHON".

5

The extend() method adds all elements of the given list to the end of the original list. After extending, x becomes [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], which has a length of 5.

['Hello', ' World!']

The split() method splits a string into a list of substrings based on the specified delimiter. Here, it splits at the comma, resulting in two elements.

5 divided by 2 is 2.50

This uses an f-string for formatting. {x/y:.2f} formats the result of 5/2 to two decimal places. The .2f specifies two digits after the decimal point.

9

The slice [1::2] starts at index 1 and takes every second element, resulting in [2, 4]. The sum() function then adds these numbers: 2 + 4 = 6.

[' ', 'a', 'h', 'J', 'n', 'o', 'P', 't', 'v', 'y']

The sorted() function returns a new sorted list of the given iterable. Here, it concatenates "Python" and "Java", then sorts all characters alphabetically (with uppercase letters coming before lowercase).

Hello*

The center() method centers the string within a string of specified length. Here, it centers "Hello" in a 10-character string, filling the extra space with asterisks.

[4, 5, 1, 2]

x[-2:] slices the last two elements [4, 5], and x[:2] slices the first two elements [1, 2]. These are then concatenated.

5 to the power of 2 is 25

This uses an f-string for formatting. {x**y} calculates 5 raised to the power of 2, which is 25.

[(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]

The zip() function pairs elements from the two lists. list() converts the zip object to a list of tuples.

Python---- ----Python

ljust() left-justifies the string in a 10-character field, filling with '-'. rjust() does the same but right-justifies. These are then concatenated.

[1, 3, 5]

The slice [::2] starts at the beginning, goes to the end, and takes every second element.

 HelloWorld     

In the f-string, :>10 right-aligns "Hello" in a 10-character field, while :<10 left-aligns "World" in a 10-character field.

-3

x[1::2] is [2, 4], summing to 6. x[::2] is [1, 3, 5], summing to 9. 6 - 9 = -3.

hnopty

set(x.lower()) creates a set of unique lowercase letters. sorted() orders them alphabetically. ''.join() combines them into a string.

[2, 4, 6]

This is a list comprehension. It creates a new list y where each element is twice the corresponding element in x.

hELLO wORLD

The swapcase() method swaps the case of each character: uppercase becomes lowercase and vice versa.

3 [1, 2, 4, 5]

pop(2) removes and returns the element at index 2 (which is 3). Then the modified list is printed.

b'Python'

The encode() method returns a bytes object. The 'b' prefix indicates it's a bytes literal.

[5, 7, 9]

map() applies the lambda function (which adds two numbers) to each pair of elements from x and y. The result is converted to a list.

olleH

reversed() returns an iterator that accesses the string's characters in reverse order. ''.join() combines these characters into a string.

[1, 2, 3, 4]

The slice [:-1] returns all elements of the list except the last one.

True

The startswith() method returns True if the string starts with the specified substring, which it does in this case.

[2, 4]

filter() applies the lambda function to each element of x, keeping only those for which the function returns True (even numbers in this case).

Hello

When min() is used with strings, it returns the lexicographically smaller string. "Hello" comes before "World" alphabetically.

[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]

The * operator with a list and an integer repeats the list that many times.

2

The count() method returns the number of occurrences of a substring in the string. 'P' appears twice in "Python Programming".

9

The slice [1:-1] selects all elements except the first and last, resulting in [2, 3, 4]. The sum() function then adds these numbers: 2 + 3 + 4 = 9.

ytohnP

First, sorted(x) orders the characters alphabetically. Then reversed() reverses this order. Finally, ''.join() combines the characters into a string.

[1, 3, 5, 2, 4]

x[::2] selects every second element starting from the first: [1, 3, 5]. x[1::2] selects every second element starting from the second: [2, 4]. These are then concatenated.

True

First, replace(" ", "") removes the space. Then isalpha() checks if all characters in the string are alphabetic, which they are after removing the space.

[5, 3, 1]

The slice [::-2] starts from the end, moves towards the beginning, and takes every second element.

****Python

The rjust() method right-justifies the string in a field of width 10, filling the left side with asterisks.

[1, 32, 729]

map(pow, x, y) applies the pow() function to each pair of elements from x and y. So it calculates 1^4, 2^5, and 3^6.

HloWrd

The slice [::2] selects every second character from the string, starting from the first character.

2

The index() method returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified element in the list. The number 3 is at index 2 in the list.

PPyytthhoonn

This list comprehension doubles each character in the string. Then ''.join() combines these doubled characters into a single string.

[3, 4, 5, 1, 2]

x[-3:] selects the last three elements [3, 4, 5], and x[:-3] selects all but the last three elements [1, 2]. These are then concatenated.

0000Python

The zfill() method pads the string on the left with zeros to fill the specified width.

9

filter() keeps only the odd numbers [1, 3, 5], and then sum() adds them up: 1 + 3 + 5 = 9.

[' ', 'd', 'e', 'H', 'l', 'l', 'l', 'o', 'o', 'r', 'W']

The strings are concatenated, then sorted() returns a list of all characters in alphabetical order. Note that uppercase letters come before lowercase in ASCII ordering.

[(10, 1), (11, 2), (12, 3)]

enumerate() creates pairs of indices and values. The start parameter sets the initial index to 10.

('Pyth', 'on', ' Programming')

The partition() method splits the string at the first occurrence of the specified substring, returning a tuple of the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after the separator.

[4, 3, 2]

First, x[1:4] selects [2, 3, 4]. Then [::-1] reverses this selection.

o Wor

The strip() method removes the specified characters from the beginning and end of the string. It removes 'H' from the start and 'ld' from the end.

[4, 10, 18]

This list comprehension multiplies corresponding elements from x and y: 14, 25, 3*6.

-----Python****

First, ljust(10, '*') pads the right side to width 10 with '*'. Then rjust(15, '-') pads the left side of the result to width 15 with '-'.

[1, 3, 5, 1, 3, 5]

x[::2] selects every second element [1, 3, 5], then * 2 repeats this list twice.

hnoPty

sorted() with key=str.lower sorts the characters alphabetically, ignoring case. ''.join() then combines them into a string.

[1, 4, 3, 16, 5]

This map() applies a lambda function that squares even numbers and leaves odd numbers unchanged.

Hell0 W0rld

str.maketrans() creates a translation table that replaces "o" with "0". translate() then applies this translation to the string.

[2, 2, 6, 4, 10]

This list comprehension doubles odd numbers and leaves even numbers unchanged.

*Python

center(10, '*') creates 'Python'. Then [1:-1] slices off the first and last characters.

[5, 3]

x[1::2] selects every second element starting from index 1: [2, 4]. reversed() then reverses this list.

Hello World

swapcase() changes "Hello World" to "hELLO wORLD". Then title() capitalizes the first letter of each word.

2.0

sum(x[1::2]) sums every second element starting from index 1: 2 + 4 = 6. len(x[::2]) counts every second element starting from index 0: [1, 3, 5], which is 3. So, 6 / 3 = 2.0.

Jython jrogramming

The first replace() changes the first 'P' to 'J'. The second replace() changes the next 'P' to 'j'.

[6, 2, 8, 4, 10]

This list comprehension selects the element from x if it's even, otherwise it selects the corresponding element from y.

nhy

This generator expression selects characters from the end of the string, moving backwards by 2 each time. ''.join() combines these characters into a string.

[4, 5]

sum(x)/len(x) calculates the average of x, which is 3. The filter() function then keeps only the numbers greater than 3.

Hello World

encode('ascii') converts the string to ASCII bytes, then decode('ascii') converts it back to a string. Since all characters are ASCII, the string remains unchanged.

[1, 9, 25]

First, filter() selects odd numbers [1, 3, 5]. Then map() applies the square function to each of these numbers.

python

This creates a set of unique lowercase letters, then sorts them based on their first appearance in the original (lowercase) string.

-3

This calculates the sum of even numbers (2 + 4 = 6) minus the sum of odd numbers (1 + 3 + 5 = 9), resulting in 6 - 9 = -3.

H2ll4 W4rld

str.maketrans() creates a translation table that replaces vowels with numbers. translate() then applies this translation to the string.

[1, 2, 6, 8, 10]

This list comprehension doubles numbers greater than or equal to 3, and leaves other numbers unchanged.

2

First, lower() converts the string to lowercase. Then count('p') counts the occurrences of 'p', which appear twice in "python programming".

[(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, None)]

x[::2] is [1, 3, 5] and x[1::2] is [2, 4]. zip() pairs these up, adding None when one list runs out of elements.

HWeolrllod

This generator expression pairs up characters from x and y, concatenates each pair, and then ''.join() combines all these pairs into a single string.

3

max(x) is 5. x[1::2] is [2, 4], so min(x[1::2]) is 2. The difference is 5 - 2 = 3.

Qzuipo

This generator expression converts each character to its ASCII value (ord()), adds 1, then converts back to a character (chr()). This effectively shifts each letter to the next one in the alphabet.

[5, 8, 9, 8, 5]

This map() multiplies each element of x with the corresponding element of x reversed. So it computes [15, 24, 33, 42, 5*1].

True

First, replace(' ', '') removes the space. Then isalnum() checks if all characters in the string are alphanumeric, which they are after removing the space.

[1, 3, 6, 10, 15]

This list comprehension calculates the cumulative sum of the list. For each index, it sums all elements up to and including that index.

hhnnoooPPttyy

This sorts the characters of "PythonPython" first by lowercase value, then by whether they're uppercase. This groups lowercase before uppercase for each letter.

[1, 5]

This filter() keeps elements that are either equal to the length of the list (5) or whose value minus 1 equals their index. This is true for 1 (index 0) and 5 (length of list).

HeLlO WoRlD

This generator expression alternates between uppercase and lowercase for each character based on its index.

40

This map() multiplies each element of x with its index (0 to 4), resulting in [10, 21, 32, 43, 5*4]. The sum() function then adds these values: 0 + 2 + 6 + 12 + 20 = 40.

Pyythhhoooonnn

This generator expression repeats each character a number of times equal to its index plus one. So 'P' is repeated once, 'y' twice, 't' three times, and so on.

[1, 3, 6, 10, 15]

The accumulate() function from the itertools module (which is assumed to be imported) calculates the cumulative sum of the list.

13

This code first converts the string to lowercase, then creates a set of unique characters. The length of this set is the number of unique characters in the string (including the space).